Aggregate complaints data: 2021 H2

This page shows the market-level data reported to us by financial services firms for 2021 H2 between 1 July 2021 and 31 December 2021. It includes analysis on the latest trends for each product group.

We use our complaints data to help assess how firms interact with and treat their customers as well as monitoring their performance over time. We also use this data to guide our work in supervising firms and markets, highlighting any potential concerns with specific financial products offered.

Download the aggregate complaints data (XLSX)

Key Findings

  • In 2021 H2, financial services firms received 1.84m complaints, 10% lower than in 2021 H1 (2.04m). This is the lowest level recorded since 2016 H2 (figure 1).
     
  • The insurance and pure protection product group saw the largest decrease in complaints received by firms: from 890,000 complaints in 2021 H1 to 770,000 complaints in 2021 H2 (11%). There was also a noticeable decrease in home finance complaints (14%), investments (29%) and decumulation and pensions (16%). No product group saw an increase from 2021 H2.
     
  • Unlike in previous returns, the decrease in insurance and pure protection complaints was not driven by the drop in complaints about Payment Protection Insurance (PPI). Instead, it was consistent across all products. The exception was in warranties which has increased 18% from 44,329 to 52,091 (after also increasing 19% in 2021 H1).
     
  • Current accounts are still the most complained about products. The number of complaints for these increased 5% from 503,135 in 2021 H1 to 526,609 in 2021 H2. Other general insurance is the second most complained about product, but this fell 28% from 297,650 to 216,438.
     
  • As the number of PPI complaints has fallen, so too has the total number of complaints that took longer than 8 weeks to close. In 2021 H2, only 6% of complaints took this long to close, compared to 12% in 2021 H1.
     
  • The total redress paid fell 52% from £559m in 2021 H1 to £291.5m. Although the majority of this can be attributed to the falling PPI complaints, the amount paid for other complaints still fell 22% from £284m in 2021 H1 to £222.2m in 2021 H2.
     
  • The percentage of complaints that are upheld increased slightly from 59.4% in 2021 H1 to 59.5% in 2021 H2.

While preparing the 2024 H2 publication, we identified a discrepancy in our calculations that led to an overstatement of the total number of accounts in the ‘Banking and Credit Cards’ and ‘Investments’ product groups. This figure is used to calculate the relevant contextualisation metric in Figure 2. The updates are included in the 2024 H2 and future publications. This publication has not been updated.

Chart tips: hover over the data series to view the data values and filter the data categories by clicking on the legend.

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Data table

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Note: complaints recorded for 2016 H2 include firms whose reporting periods ended on or after 30 December 2016. These firms accounted for approximately 90% of complaints.

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Data table

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Complaints closed 

Firms have 8 weeks after receiving a complaint to provide a written response. 

Table 1 – Complaints closed in the period

 All ComplaintsPPIAll other complaints
 2021 H12021 H22021 H12021 H22021 H12021 H2
Total complaints opened2.16m1.87m0.16m0.04m2.00m1.83m
of which:      
closed within 3 days (%)48%49%4%8%51%50%
closed within 8 weeks (%)40%45%15%17%42%46%
closed after 8 weeks (%)12%6%80%75%7%5%

Source: FCA complaints data

Table 2 – Complaints upheld and redress paid

 All ComplaintsAll other complaintsPPI
 2021 H12021 H22021 H12021 H22021 H12021 H2
Total complaints closed2.1m1.8m1.9m1.8m0.2m0.00m
of which:      
upheld1.2m1.1m1.2m1.0m0.1m0.0m
% upheld59%59%60%60%52%46%
Total redress paid£537.4m£261.3m£263.0m£192.1m£274.3m£69.2m
Redress for upheld complaints£499.2m£228.9m£243.7m£171.0m£255.5m£57.9m
Redress for complaints not upheld£38.0m£32.3m£19.2m£21.0m£18.8m£11.3m
Average redress for complaints upheld£402£214£210£163£3119£2827

Source: FCA complaints data

Aggregate complaints data sortable tables: 2021 H2

 

Product Product Group 2024 H1 2024 H2 2025 H1 2025 H2
Annuities (including enhanced and impaired) Decumulation & pensions 9,009 7,500 7,968 7,684
Assistance Insurance & pure protection 18,125 20,370 18,236 18,313
Credit cards Banking and credit cards 222,529 217,160 211,903 218,456
Crowdfunding / Peer to Peer Investments 292 306 319 268
Current accounts Banking and credit cards 492,289 491,172 541,493 492,149
Decumulation packaged multi products Decumulation & pensions 0 501 434 520
Discretionary management services Investments 1,404 1,269 1,187 950
Drawdown and UFPLS Decumulation & pensions 9,037 8,232 6,751 7,504
ETPs Investments 303 389 464 605
Endowments Investments 3,046 2,562 2,318 1,789
Equity release Home finance 2,201 2,328 2,111 1,969
FX/CFD/Spreadbetting Investments 1,153 1,052 1,184 1,331
General insurance packaged multi products Insurance & pure protection 14,866 12,203 12,742 10,707
ISAs (where investment held) Investments 22,737 18,483 22,022 18,487
Impaired credit Home finance 633 561 564 409
Income protection and other accident, sickness and unemployment Insurance & pure protection 4,108 4,528 4,670 5,136
Investment bonds Investments 10,965 10,056 9,513 8,918
Investment packaged multi products Investments 73 115 98 71
Investment trusts Investments 508 415 444 353
Medical/health Insurance & pure protection 95,886 77,075 76,182 70,645
Motor & transport Insurance & pure protection 276,795 254,788 255,194 340,627
Non-discretionary management services Investments 903 854 938 937
Non-workplace personal pensions (e.g. SIPPs, SHPs, PPPs) Decumulation & pensions 50,831 49,383 52,395 49,094
Other banking - Please provide details below Banking and credit cards 22,151 21,404 24,463 23,166
Other decumulation Decumulation & pensions 29 33 61 49
Other general insurance Insurance & pure protection 118,599 123,916 113,781 111,903
Other investment products/funds Investments 7,528 6,620 7,910 7,862
Other pensions Decumulation & pensions 286 537 481 196
Other pure protection Insurance & pure protection 466 440 544 798
Other regulated home finance products Home finance 70,619 63,670 60,395 58,073
Other unregulated home finance products Home finance 16,759 14,738 12,128 12,110
Overdrafts Banking and credit cards 15,586 13,290 16,188 26,456
Packaged accounts Banking and credit cards 15,080 15,959 15,944 15,065
Payment protection insurance Insurance & pure protection 882 558 603 551
Pensions packaged multi products Decumulation & pensions 22 41 41 30
Pet Insurance & pure protection 28,019 27,748 23,763 22,902
Platforms Investments 9,103 6,405 7,980 8,804
Property Insurance & pure protection 100,431 91,891 93,165 88,851
Protection packaged multi products Insurance & pure protection 554 788 797 1,171
Savings (including ISAs) Banking and credit cards 83,392 80,592 89,919 82,465
Second and subsequent charge Home finance 3,022 2,639 3,418 3,097
Structured products Investments 131 152 94 235
Third way products (e.g. investment linked, variable, fixed term) Decumulation & pensions 75 67 67 48
Travel Insurance & pure protection 27,551 29,280 27,813 33,199
Trust based pensions (e.g. Occupational and DB) Decumulation & pensions 7,414 6,466 8,977 5,201
UCITS Investments 187 209 246 252
Unit trusts/OEICs Investments 4,496 4,086 3,588 3,401
Warranty Insurance & pure protection 53,576 51,530 65,083 61,571
Whole of life/term assurance/critical illness Insurance & pure protection 24,674 23,622 24,950 23,955
Workplace personal pensions (e.g. SIPPs, SHPs, PPPs) Decumulation & pensions 16,341 16,413 16,860 17,516

Complaints, contextualised by number of products.

Product Product Group 2024 H1 2024 H2 2025 H1 2025 H2
Annuities (including enhanced and impaired) Decumulation & pensions 1.2 1 1.1 1
Assistance Insurance & pure protection 1.9 2.6 2 1.1
Credit cards Banking and credit cards 3.8 3.7 3.6 3.6
Crowdfunding / Peer to Peer Investments 1.8 0.7
Current accounts Banking and credit cards 3.9 3.8 4.1 3.7
Decumulation packaged multi products Decumulation & pensions 1.3
Discretionary management services Investments 0.6 0.5 0.5 0
Drawdown and UFPLS Decumulation & pensions 7.3 6.3 5.6 5.3
ETPs Investments 0.8 0.9 0
Endowments Investments 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.1
Equity release Home finance 8.6 9.1 7 6.5
FX/CFD/Spreadbetting Investments 0.1 0.2 0.2 0
General insurance packaged multi products Insurance & pure protection 1 1.2 1.3 1.2
ISAs (where investment held) Investments 1.8 1.5 1.5 1.2
Impaired credit Home finance 6.6 8 6.4 6.3
Income protection and other accident, sickness and unemployment Insurance & pure protection 1.2 1.6 1.3 1.5
Investment bonds Investments 5 4.2 4 4.3
Investment packaged multi products Investments 2.2 2.5 0.2 2.1
Investment trusts Investments 0.5 52.6 0 9.4
Medical/health Insurance & pure protection 9.9 7.3 7 6.5
Motor & transport Insurance & pure protection 3.8 3.6 3.7 4.7
Non-discretionary management services Investments 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2
Non-workplace personal pensions (e.g. SIPPs, SHPs, PPPs) Decumulation & pensions 3.7 3.5 3.6 3.5
Other banking - Please provide details below Banking and credit cards 3.7 3.5 4.8 3.2
Other decumulation Decumulation & pensions 129.5
Other general insurance Insurance & pure protection 1.7 1.6 1.4 1.3
Other investment products/funds Investments 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
Other pensions Decumulation & pensions 0.5 0.8 0.8 0.3
Other pure protection Insurance & pure protection 0.1 0.4 0.1 0.4
Other regulated home finance products Home finance 7.1 6.4 6 5.9
Other unregulated home finance products Home finance 7 6.3 4.8 5.6
Overdrafts Banking and credit cards 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.5
Packaged accounts Banking and credit cards 2 2.1 2 1.8
Payment protection insurance Insurance & pure protection 0.1 0 0.1 0
Pet Insurance & pure protection 5.1 5.3 4.5 4
Platforms Investments 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
Property Insurance & pure protection 2.3 2.2 1.9 1.9
Protection packaged multi products Insurance & pure protection 1.1 1.7 1.6 2.2
Savings (including ISAs) Banking and credit cards 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5
Second and subsequent charge Home finance 27 26.5 39 22.2
Structured products Investments 4.3 4.7 5.3 23.4
Third way products (e.g. investment linked, variable, fixed term) Decumulation & pensions 1.6 1.9 0.1 0.8
Travel Insurance & pure protection 0.8 1 0.9 1
Trust based pensions (e.g. Occupational and DB) Decumulation & pensions 0.7 0.6 0.9 0.5
UCITS Investments 8.8 1 1.1 0.8
Unit trusts/OEICs Investments 1.5 1.7 1.6 1.4
Warranty Insurance & pure protection 2.8 2.5 3 2.7
Whole of life/term assurance/critical illness Insurance & pure protection 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.8
Workplace personal pensions (e.g. SIPPs, SHPs, PPPs) Decumulation & pensions 0.9 0.9 1.1 1.1

Further information about the complaints data

Copyright

The data on this page is available under the terms of the Open Government Licence.

: Technical update: accessibility