Aggregate complaints data: 2023 H2

This page provides an overview of financial services firms' complaints reported to the FCA during 2023 H2 (1 July to 31 December 2023), including the latest trends and analysis by product group.

By analysing this data, we evaluate the firms' treatment of their customers and track changes in their performance over time. We also use this information to guide our supervision of firms and markets, and to identify any potential concerns related to specific financial products.

Download the aggregate complaints data (XLSX)

Key Findings

  • In 2023 H2, financial services firms received 1.87m complaints, a decrease of 1% from 2023 H1 (1.89m) (figure 1). Since the Payment Protection Insurance (PPI) peak in 2020, complaints have stayed relatively constant between 1.8m and 2m.
     
  • The product groups that experienced an increase in their complaint numbers were:
     
    • banking and credit cards - up 3.2% from 847,497 (2023 H1) to 874,568 (2023 H2)
    • home finance - up 3.7% from 91,470 (2023 H1) to 94,822 (2023 H2)
    • investments - up 3.4% from 59,417 (2023 H1) to 61,446 (2023 H2)
       
  • The product groups that experienced a decrease in their complaint numbers were:
     
    • decumulation & pensions - down 2.8% from 88,058 (2023 H1) to 85,547 (2023 H2)
    • insurance & pure protection - down 5.8% from 800,253 (2023 H1) to 753,192 (2023 H2)
       
  • There were increases in the biggest 3 products to be complained about:
     
    • current accounts up 1% from 509,923 in 2023 H1 to 515,336 in 2023 H2
    • motor and transport up 1% from 278,148  in 2023 H1 to 281,082 in 2023 H2
    • credit cards up 7.5% from 201,925 in 2023 H1 to 217,032 in 2023 H2 which follows recent fluctuation trends
       
  • Most other products saw a decrease in number of complaints.
     
  • The percentage of complaints upheld decreased from 61% in 2023 H1 to 58% in 2023 H2.

In 2023 H2 the total amount of redress was £259m. This is 10% higher than 2023 H1 (£236m). 

While preparing the 2024 H2 publication, we identified a discrepancy in our calculations that led to an overstatement of the total number of accounts in the ‘Banking and Credit Cards’ and ‘Investments’ product groups. This figure is used to calculate the relevant contextualisation metric in Figure 2. The updates are included in the 2024 H2 and future publications. This publication has not been updated.

In 2022, we revised the product group context figure calculation methodology to reduce errors in firm reporting. Be careful when comparing data with previous years.
 

Chart tips: hover over the data series to view the data values and filter the data categories by clicking on the chart filters.

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Data table

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Table 1 – Complaints closed in the period

 

 All Complaints
 2022 H12022 H22023 H12023 H2
Grand Total1,912,2961,762,9981,898,8581,840,026
Complaints closed within 3 days51.05%46.46%45.51%44.85%
Complaints closed > 3 days but within 8 weeks43.69%47.67%46.85%49.05%
Complaints closed > 8 weeks5.25%5.87%7.63%6.11%

Source: FCA complaints data

 

Table 2 – Complaints upheld, and redress paid

 2022 H12022 H22023 H12023 H2
Total complaints closed

1,912,296

1,762,9991,898,8581,908,086
of which:    
Upheld value1,171,5121,062,1851,152,3461,087,639
% Upheld61.26%60.25%60.69%57.00%
Total redress paid£304,626,005£228,372,277£236,495,402£260,265,619
Redress paid for upheld complaints£268,760,278£198,717,637£210,925,064£220,962,456
Redress paid for complaints not upheld£35,865,727£29,654,640£25,570,338£39,303,163
Average redress upheld£229£187£183£203

Source: FCA complaints data

 

Aggregate complaints data sortable tables: 2023 H2

 

Product Product Group 2024 H1 2024 H2 2025 H1 2025 H2
Annuities (including enhanced and impaired) Decumulation & pensions 9,009 7,500 7,968 7,684
Assistance Insurance & pure protection 18,125 20,370 18,236 18,313
Credit cards Banking and credit cards 222,529 217,160 211,903 218,456
Crowdfunding / Peer to Peer Investments 292 306 319 268
Current accounts Banking and credit cards 492,289 491,172 541,493 492,149
Decumulation packaged multi products Decumulation & pensions 0 501 434 520
Discretionary management services Investments 1,404 1,269 1,187 950
Drawdown and UFPLS Decumulation & pensions 9,037 8,232 6,751 7,504
ETPs Investments 303 389 464 605
Endowments Investments 3,046 2,562 2,318 1,789
Equity release Home finance 2,201 2,328 2,111 1,969
FX/CFD/Spreadbetting Investments 1,153 1,052 1,184 1,331
General insurance packaged multi products Insurance & pure protection 14,866 12,203 12,742 10,707
ISAs (where investment held) Investments 22,737 18,483 22,022 18,487
Impaired credit Home finance 633 561 564 409
Income protection and other accident, sickness and unemployment Insurance & pure protection 4,108 4,528 4,670 5,136
Investment bonds Investments 10,965 10,056 9,513 8,918
Investment packaged multi products Investments 73 115 98 71
Investment trusts Investments 508 415 444 353
Medical/health Insurance & pure protection 95,886 77,075 76,182 70,645
Motor & transport Insurance & pure protection 276,795 254,788 255,194 340,627
Non-discretionary management services Investments 903 854 938 937
Non-workplace personal pensions (e.g. SIPPs, SHPs, PPPs) Decumulation & pensions 50,831 49,383 52,395 49,094
Other banking - Please provide details below Banking and credit cards 22,151 21,404 24,463 23,166
Other decumulation Decumulation & pensions 29 33 61 49
Other general insurance Insurance & pure protection 118,599 123,916 113,781 111,903
Other investment products/funds Investments 7,528 6,620 7,910 7,862
Other pensions Decumulation & pensions 286 537 481 196
Other pure protection Insurance & pure protection 466 440 544 798
Other regulated home finance products Home finance 70,619 63,670 60,395 58,073
Other unregulated home finance products Home finance 16,759 14,738 12,128 12,110
Overdrafts Banking and credit cards 15,586 13,290 16,188 26,456
Packaged accounts Banking and credit cards 15,080 15,959 15,944 15,065
Payment protection insurance Insurance & pure protection 882 558 603 551
Pensions packaged multi products Decumulation & pensions 22 41 41 30
Pet Insurance & pure protection 28,019 27,748 23,763 22,902
Platforms Investments 9,103 6,405 7,980 8,804
Property Insurance & pure protection 100,431 91,891 93,165 88,851
Protection packaged multi products Insurance & pure protection 554 788 797 1,171
Savings (including ISAs) Banking and credit cards 83,392 80,592 89,919 82,465
Second and subsequent charge Home finance 3,022 2,639 3,418 3,097
Structured products Investments 131 152 94 235
Third way products (e.g. investment linked, variable, fixed term) Decumulation & pensions 75 67 67 48
Travel Insurance & pure protection 27,551 29,280 27,813 33,199
Trust based pensions (e.g. Occupational and DB) Decumulation & pensions 7,414 6,466 8,977 5,201
UCITS Investments 187 209 246 252
Unit trusts/OEICs Investments 4,496 4,086 3,588 3,401
Warranty Insurance & pure protection 53,576 51,530 65,083 61,571
Whole of life/term assurance/critical illness Insurance & pure protection 24,674 23,622 24,950 23,955
Workplace personal pensions (e.g. SIPPs, SHPs, PPPs) Decumulation & pensions 16,341 16,413 16,860 17,516

Complaints, contextualised by number of products.

Product Product Group 2024 H1 2024 H2 2025 H1 2025 H2
Annuities (including enhanced and impaired) Decumulation & pensions 1.2 1 1.1 1
Assistance Insurance & pure protection 1.9 2.6 2 1.1
Credit cards Banking and credit cards 3.8 3.7 3.6 3.6
Crowdfunding / Peer to Peer Investments 1.8 0.7
Current accounts Banking and credit cards 3.9 3.8 4.1 3.7
Decumulation packaged multi products Decumulation & pensions 1.3
Discretionary management services Investments 0.6 0.5 0.5 0
Drawdown and UFPLS Decumulation & pensions 7.3 6.3 5.6 5.3
ETPs Investments 0.8 0.9 0
Endowments Investments 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.1
Equity release Home finance 8.6 9.1 7 6.5
FX/CFD/Spreadbetting Investments 0.1 0.2 0.2 0
General insurance packaged multi products Insurance & pure protection 1 1.2 1.3 1.2
ISAs (where investment held) Investments 1.8 1.5 1.5 1.2
Impaired credit Home finance 6.6 8 6.4 6.3
Income protection and other accident, sickness and unemployment Insurance & pure protection 1.2 1.6 1.3 1.5
Investment bonds Investments 5 4.2 4 4.3
Investment packaged multi products Investments 2.2 2.5 0.2 2.1
Investment trusts Investments 0.5 52.6 0 9.4
Medical/health Insurance & pure protection 9.9 7.3 7 6.5
Motor & transport Insurance & pure protection 3.8 3.6 3.7 4.7
Non-discretionary management services Investments 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2
Non-workplace personal pensions (e.g. SIPPs, SHPs, PPPs) Decumulation & pensions 3.7 3.5 3.6 3.5
Other banking - Please provide details below Banking and credit cards 3.7 3.5 4.8 3.2
Other decumulation Decumulation & pensions 129.5
Other general insurance Insurance & pure protection 1.7 1.6 1.4 1.3
Other investment products/funds Investments 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
Other pensions Decumulation & pensions 0.5 0.8 0.8 0.3
Other pure protection Insurance & pure protection 0.1 0.4 0.1 0.4
Other regulated home finance products Home finance 7.1 6.4 6 5.9
Other unregulated home finance products Home finance 7 6.3 4.8 5.6
Overdrafts Banking and credit cards 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.5
Packaged accounts Banking and credit cards 2 2.1 2 1.8
Payment protection insurance Insurance & pure protection 0.1 0 0.1 0
Pet Insurance & pure protection 5.1 5.3 4.5 4
Platforms Investments 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
Property Insurance & pure protection 2.3 2.2 1.9 1.9
Protection packaged multi products Insurance & pure protection 1.1 1.7 1.6 2.2
Savings (including ISAs) Banking and credit cards 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5
Second and subsequent charge Home finance 27 26.5 39 22.2
Structured products Investments 4.3 4.7 5.3 23.4
Third way products (e.g. investment linked, variable, fixed term) Decumulation & pensions 1.6 1.9 0.1 0.8
Travel Insurance & pure protection 0.8 1 0.9 1
Trust based pensions (e.g. Occupational and DB) Decumulation & pensions 0.7 0.6 0.9 0.5
UCITS Investments 8.8 1 1.1 0.8
Unit trusts/OEICs Investments 1.5 1.7 1.6 1.4
Warranty Insurance & pure protection 2.8 2.5 3 2.7
Whole of life/term assurance/critical illness Insurance & pure protection 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.8
Workplace personal pensions (e.g. SIPPs, SHPs, PPPs) Decumulation & pensions 0.9 0.9 1.1 1.1

Context data

Please see about our complaints data section for information about context data.

Disclaimer 

The figures reported within this data are accurate at the time of publication. However, they can be subject to change depending on firm submissions.

Copyright

The data on this page is available under the terms of the Open Government Licence.

: Technical update: accessibility